In cryosurgery for (solid) cancer,repetitive freezing is usually needed to get better result of tumor control.Following freezing,the thawing procedure is either passively and/or actively done.
The double freeze-thaw cycle is usually needed to get an optimal result.However,thawing is a better mechanism to bring cancer cell to death.The efficacy of double freeze-thaw cycle is usually evidenced,except in lung cancer cryosurgery that needed a three freeze-thaw cycle. (Modern Cryosurgery for Cancer Kecheng Xu,Nikolai N.Korpan,Lizhi Niu eds).
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